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KHAWVELA ELECTRONICS  COMPUTER HMASA BER (ENIAC)

-Chhungpuia Renthlei

ENIAC chu !

Khawvel a electronic programmable computer hmasa ber ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer) hi Indopui 2 na hun laia Physics thiam John Mauchly leh Engineer J. Presper Eckert te kaihhruaina hnuaiah an siam a. Senso zawng zawng hi U.S. Army experimental fund atanga pek vek a ni. ENIAC an siam hun lai hian tunlaia electronics hmanrua ang hi a la awm loh avangin a khawl pawh a lian hle a, a rih zawng ringawt pawh 27215.5Kg lai a ni. 1,800 square feet lai a awh nghe nghe.School bus  a park theih hial a ni. ENIAC  ah hian 17,468 vacuum tubes,70,000 resistors, 10,000 capacitors, 1,500 relays, 6,000 manual switches a awm a, a zawm khawm pawh a hautak hlei hmun 5 million laiah zawm khawm (soldered joints). Electrical power pawh a hmang hek hle a,tih nun nan ringawt pawh  174 kilowatts lai a mamawh. ENIAC hi a siam man a to hle a, US Dollar 500,000 lai a ni. Thil man to zel mila  an chhut danin kum 2010 khan US Dollar 6 Million lai ni

Enga tana hman tur nge?

ENIAC an siam chhan ber chu indopui 2 na hunlaia US sipai ten hmelma  thlawhna leh leilam ralthuam an kah fuh chat chat theihna tura United States Army's Ballistic Research Laboratory  a "artillery firing tables" chhut chhuahna  atan a ni. Artilery  hi silaichi khat  hmun hla tak kap thei chi Laipui emaw, Tank emaw a ni a, target kap fuh turhian uluk taka a hlat zawng emaw, san zawng  rang tak a chhutchhuah hmasak a ngai thin.Hemi atana mathematics formula harsa tak tak te hi  ENIAC hian rang tak takin a chhutchhuak zung zung thei a ni. US sorkar chuan vansang leh lei lam atanga eng hawi zawng pawh an target  an kah fuh theih nan artillery-firing tables tha tak an ruahman a. Hemi atanhian chak leh dik taka thil chhut theihna electronics khawl an mamawh avangin ENIAC hi an ruahman ta a ni.

ENIAC Siamtute hi tute nge an nih?

ENIAC siamna a an thluakbur ber chu  University of Pennsylvania  a mithiam John Mauchly-a leh  J. Presper Eckert-a te an ni. Anni hian a khawl design zawng zawng an siam a. Design engineers team member dang te leh an hna chanpual te chu :-  Robert F. Shaw (function tables), Chuan Chu (divider/square-rooter), Thomas Kite Sharpless (master programmer), Arthur Burks (multiplier), Harry Huskey (reader/printer) leh Jack Davis (accumulators).  Indopui 2 na hunlai khan United States Army  ten a siamna senso sum leh pai an tum vek a. June 5, 1943 khan  contract an ziak fel a.Code name atan "Project PX" an phuah a, University of Pennsylvania's Moore School of Electrical Engineering  ah a ruk thei ang berin  1943 July thla khan an siam tan a. February 14, 1946 ah an siam zawh thu mipui hriatah an puang zar ta a ni.

Eng ang taka thilti thei nge a nih?

ENIAC hian  second khat chhung lek pawh a vawi 5,000 a belh thei a, vawi 357 a puntir thei a, vawi 38 lai a semchhuak thei. A hunlai na na na chuan he leiah hian a aia khawl chak tha a awm lo.Chanchinbu ah pawh "Giant Brain" ( Thluak chak tak) tiin an chhuah nghe nghe.  Hetih hunlaia chhiarkawp chhutna khawl chak ber pawl Electro-mechanical machines let 1000 laia chak a ni.

US Army ten  ENIAC thil tih theihna duh angin an  hmang hman lo

ENIAC July 1946  khan U.S. Army Ordnance Corps hnenah an hlan fel a,A tul ang ang te an enfiah a, memory te an upgrade hnuah  1947  kum tir lamah Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland ah an phur thleng a, July 29, 1947 atangin an hmang tan a. Thla hnih vel an hman hnuah  October 2, 1955 zan dar 11:45 p.m. ah an shutdown ta a ni. A siam hautak leh  a man to ang hu chuan US Army te hian an hmang reilo hle a, hei hi a chhan ni ber chu khawl thar chak zawk an siamchhuah vang leh ENIAC an siam zawh meuh hi chuan Indopui 2 na kha a tawp tawh vang a ni ber mai .Kum 1987 khan " IEEE Milestone " tiin ENIAC hming hi an thlak ta a ni.

ENIAC thu nawi

ENIAC  programmers hmasa te hi hmeichhia vek an ni. An zinga langsar ber chu Jean Jennings Bartik a ni. Hmeichhe dang panga Kay McNulty, Betty Snyder, Marlyn Wescoff, Fran Bilas, leh Ruth Lichtermanan-te an  awm bawk. An vai hian Technology chawimawina "Women in Technology International Hall of Fame" ah an awm vek bawk. Tin, mak tak mai chu U.S. Army ten mipui hma a ENIAC an tlangzarh khan  a siamtu Dr. John Mauchly leh J. Presper Eckert te hming an puang a,  heng hmeichhe hming te hi an thup tlat thung.

Hun reilote chhunga  dik leh rang taka program duan lawk felfai tak hmanga Mathematics leh thil harsa tak tak a chhut chhuah (Compute) zung zung theih avang hian computer  tih tawngkam hi an hmang a, computer tih thumal hmang hmasa ber tu chu Richard Braithwait -a a ni. Tichuan, vawiin thlengin Computer tih tawngkam hi kan hmang chho zel a, Smart phone  pawh computer huang chhunga telh a ni hial ta mai.

Conclusion

Technology hmasawnna a thang zel a, IntegratedCircuit (IC) an siamchhuak a, Italian Physic thiam hming thang Federico Faggin-achuan Computer thluak (Intel 4004 CPU) hmasa ber a siamchhuak a. Kum 1971 khan Intel(Integrated electronic) te chuan an release a. Electronics hmanrua a zira a thil chhutchuah chak leh tam dan a zirin Computer pawh Generation 1, 2,3 e.t.c vuahin an then hrang zel a, generation thar an kai a, hardware leh software thil ti thei zawk a piang a. Tunah hian  generation 6 hial kan nei ta anih hi.