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MOBILE GENERATION 

 -Er.Chhungpuia Renthlei

Mobile generation  (G)  awmzia ber chu  Mobile Telecommunication  Technoogy  hmasawnna hrang hrang bithliahna felfai tak  sawina a ni.Mobile Industry ten ahun laia   technology an  hman leh  feature hrang hrang a neih dan azirin tunhma 1960 chho vel atanga vawiin thlenga hmasawnna hi fel fail takin 1G,2G,3G,4G ,5G ah te then hran a ni. Mobile Generation tinah hian requency band thar, data rates  sang zawk leh generation hmasa ten an tih theih loh transmission technology thar a  awm ziah thin. Kum 1981-82 chho velah khan first generationm (1G)  a chhuak a, Kum 1998  ah 3G  a chhuak leh a. Kum 2008 ah tuna kan hman lai mek 4G  hi a chhuak ve leh bawk a ni. Dan naranin kum 10 danah  mobile  standards generation thar hi  an siamchhuak thin a.

0G: WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY BUL TANNA

Mobile Generation Zero(0) te an tih hian tunhma 1960 chho vel a Wireless hmanga inbiakna Motor car a an dah chi, radio telephone a huam ber. Heng te hi tunlaia Mobile phone kan hman ang te lakah chuan   technology pawh ala hniam hle.Kum 1956 daih tawh khan tuna kan mobile aia lian leh hnawksak tak  mai, car chhunga dah chi Swedish automatic MTA (Mobile Telephony System version A)  chu Stockholm leh Gothenburgah te an lo hmang tawh.Tin,kum 1971-ah khan Finland ah ARP (Auto Radio Phone) an hmang tawh bawk. Heng Wireless phone te hian 160 MHz band  leh 450 MHz band  an hmang a. Heng ho hi  Generation Zero(0) tih an ni. Heng te hi wireless hmanga inbiak theihna technology bul intanna leh tunlaia mobile communication hmasawnna bul tanna an nih avangin 0G (zero generation) systems tiin an vuah.

Wireless phone ni mahse,  a huamchhung a zim bakah hmanrua a la changtlung lo em em a. Motor car  chhungah chauh nilo, hmun hrang hrang a tanga hrui tellova inbiak theih an duh  leh ta zel a. Industry te chuan chak takin hma an la a. Radio signal zau zawka thawnchhuak thei turin Mobile tower (Cellular network) an siam chho leh ta a.Cellular wireless telephone technology hmanga inbiak theihna (1G) chu kum 1980 chho khan a rawnchhuak ta a ni.  

1G: ANALOG CELLULAR NETWORKS  KHAWVEL

Hmun hrang hrang atanga inbiak theih nan hmun hrang hrangah  radio mast, tower or cell tower an dah  thluah  mai a. Ram pum pawh  huam phak thei turin cellular network zau tak  an siam thei ta.Hrui tel lova inbiak theihna (wireless telephone technology)  hmasa ber,1G ( First generation)  chu kum 1979 khan Japanah  mipui vantlang hman theih a tlangzarh a.1G atang hian Mobile tower  kan tih mai A cell site  hman tan a ni a. Mobile telephone systems ten cellular network huam chhungah Analog technology hmangin Radio signal an thawnkual a.Tower pakhat in a huam phak loh pawh tower dangin a rawn huam phak leh thin avangin hemi huam chhunga mi te chu motor a chuang  leh ke a kal chung pawhin  khaihlak miah lovin tha takin an in be tawn thei a a ni. 1G langsar zual te chu: AMPS (Advanced Mobile Phone System),America.TACS(TotalAccess Communications System),UK. NMT450 (Nordic MobileTelephony), German. RTMI (RadioTelefono Mobile Integrato) leh JTACS(Japan Total Access Communications System)  te a ni. A tirah chuan 1G mobile system hi a man a to ang hu in hman theihna a tlem hle a,  mi naranin an hmang meuh loa demand pawh ala hniam hle, Mobile hmanga Internet  access te phei chu rinphak piahlam ani.

Kum 1980-90, 1G  hun lai hian hmanrua pawh  zangkhai takin an siama, mi naran lei theih turin a man pawh a tlawm a. Telecom operators leh  regulators ten  khawvel pumah  Voice service  rawn vawrh lar ta a.Tin, internet  klatlanga sumdawnna   a rawn thangchho zel bawk nen khawl hmanga  inbiakna  an uar chho zel a, Mobile  Subscriber pawh an pung chho  zela, marketah pawh demand a sang chho hle bawk. 1G systems  capacity  pawh tihpun a lo tul tak avangin   signal  fiah leh chak tha zawk  leh subscriber tam zawk  nei thei leh  voice signal mai bakah   data  signal tha zawk nen  nei turin Mobile industry te chuan 1G systems  an upgrade a lo tul ta a. Signal transmisson  Analog system  Signal transmisson  chu   Digital systemah  an thlak phawt a. Technology thar  tangkai tak tak an telh belh bawk a.Tichuan, Kum 1990 chhoah Digital Mobile  Generation (2G) a rawn inher chhuak ta a.   

2G: DIGITAL NETWORKS KHAWVEL : GSM, SIM Card, Prepaid, SMS, MMS, Web &Email   

2G  ah hian  hmasawnna tam tak a awm .Signal fiah tha leh chak zawk ( advanced & fast phone-to-network signaling)  nei thei turin Kum1990 chhovelah digital transmission  system leh Generation hmasa ten signal pekchhuahna tana an hman thin analog signal transmission system chu digital transmission  system in an thlak a.Digital systems hmasa ber 2G network a rawn piang ta.Tin, GSM (Global System for Mobile communication ) Technology nen a 2G an han thuam leh meuh chuan,Voice call mai bakah Kan tangkaipui em em Short Message Service (SMS).plain text-based messages hmangin SMS (Short Message Service) Data service pawh kan nei thei ta. Hei hi 2G features  pawimawh tak a ni. GSM technology  hmang hian mobile  terminal leh subscriber  te tan a hrangin data dahkhawlna  an siam a.Mobile phone  memory tha zawk leh SIM ( Subscriber Identity Module) te a rawn piang a. Tin, Internet protocol (IP) hmanga  mobile communications kan tih theih nan  mobile data services  pawh  circuit switch atangin packet switching  system a thlak a ni bawk a.GSM chuan data speed sang tak  500 kb/s a thawn thei ta bawk. Tin,  2G system avang hian pre paid leh post paid pawh a hranga siam theih a ni ta bawk.

Tin, GPRS (General Packet Radio Service) technology arawn piang leh a, picture messages leh  MMS (Multimedia Message Service) te a tih theih bawk. GPRS  technology hmang hian Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) access, Multimedia Messaging Service (MMS) leh Internet communication services tangkai tak tak email lehWorld Wide Web te phone hmangin kan lo ti ve thei ta .2G hi mipui vantlang hman theih turin  kum 1991 khan  Finland ah a vawikhat nan an tlangzarh.

3G : MOBILE MULTIMEDIA LEH HIGH SPEED IP DATA NETWORKS  KHAWVEL

2G phones  hmasawnna chak tak avangin kan nitin hnathawhna hrang hrangah  mobile phone kan hmang nasa zel a. Speed sang zawka internet  kan access theih nan Data service  chak tha leh rintlak zawk mamawhna a sang chho ta hle mai. Kum 2000 khan Mobile industry  te chuan  data transmission changtlung zawk a awm theih khan American CDMA 2000 leh  European UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System) te chu peih fel a ni. IMT-2000 (International MobileTele communications) thlazarna hnuaiahITU (International Telecommunications Union) chuan guideline fel tak nen 3G technology  an rawn duang chhuak leh ta. 3G tum ber chu multimedia services hrang hrang ti thei tura data rate tihsan a nih vangin 3G hun hmasa lam atangin generation hmasa in data transmission atan a circuit switching system a hman thin chu  packet switching  system hmangin an thlak leh ta.

Tin, 3G system ah hian  Global System for Mobile communication (GSM)  networks innghahna ruangam leh radio access  technologies  te thuam thatna  a ni. Mobile networks  tha zawk radio access technologies  hrang hrang : Code Division multiple Access (CDMA), Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE), Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS), High Speed Packet data Access (HSPA) hmang hian wireless voice telephony, mobile Internet access, fixed wireless Internet access, video calls leh mobile TV technologies thar kan nei thei ta bawk a ni.

2G system hnulamah hrim hrim hian mobile hmanga sumdawnna a pun  chak em avangin telecommunicationstechnologies thar ber ber hmanga theih tawpa hardware processor hnathawh tihchak leh spectrum daih zaih thei ang bera  hman thiam te a tul hle a Heivang hian CDMA leh GSM technology bakah technology tunlai ber ber nen 3G tihchangtlun tumin industry ten theih tawp an chhuah a. LTE (Long Term Evolution) leh WiMAX hmangin 3G an thuam chaka. Spectrum pawh daih zaih zawka hman anih bakah nasa takin data service pawh a chak phah bawk a.Mipui nawlpuiin kan tangkaipui theih dan tur kawng pawh ruahman mek a ni bawk.

Tin, 3G huam chhungah hian  3.5G and 3.75G te a awm leh bawk a, 3.5G ah hian High Speed Downlink Packet Access, 3GPP( 3rd Generation Partnership Project) Long Term Evolution,  precursor of LTE Advanced Evolved HSPA technology hmangin  3G pangngai aia  chak tha zawk a  mobile telephony  leh  data technology  design a ni.

4G: GROWTH OF MOBILE BROADBAND, VoiD,LTE,WiMAX, 3D TV, HDD VIDEO STREAMING

Khawvelah mobile hmanga internet access kan pung zel a, sorkar  hmalakna leh sumdawnna hrang hrang atan  mobile software (mobile Apps)  tam tak an siam a. Duhthusama chak leh  rintlaka  data upload leh download  turin 3G system hian min zo lo chu ani ta ber mai. Hmasawnna a chak tawh tehreng nen, mobile industry te chuan data transmition chak tha leh tlo zawk  nei thei turin 3G system mobile broadband an thuam tha a, signal  bandwidth leh data services  chak tha zawk data-optimized 4th-generation technologies an rawn siamchhuak leh ta. 4G technology tum ber chu 3G aia chaka mobile phone a  audio/video streaming quality sang tha tak neih hi a ni ber mai.

Hemi tihlawhtling tur  hian data transmission atana 3G a packet  switching system  an hman chu IP (Internet  Protocol) network hmangin an thlak a.VoIP (Voice on Internet Protocol) hmangin Voice  call signal zawng zawng te pawh  internet, LAN or WAN networks ah  audio media angin a kal ta vek bawk. 4G technology  mipui ten kan hman theih hmasa ber pahnih te chu Telia Sonera, Scandinavia te siamchhuah WiMAX standard leh LTE standard te hi an ni. 4G ah hian wireless modems hmangin laptops, smartphones leh mobile devices hrang hrangah mobile broadband Internet a access theih avangin Mobile web access, IP telephony, gaming  services, high-definition mobile TV, video conferencing, 3D television leh cloud computing te kan lo nei chho ta zel anih hi.

4G CONFUSES AND ENHANCES

ITU’s IMT-2000  hmanga mithiam ten generation a bithliah dan hi 3G thleng hian a felfai thlap a, generation  hmasa 2G leh 1G te nen pawh a inhmudik thlap laiin 4G chin bithliahna tur lai tak hi a buai ta tlat mai. ITU in  LTE upgrade version  leh WiMAX te chauh hi 4G category ah an khung laia  operator tam takin LTE  version hmasa leh  UMTS HSPA+ networks 4G anga an pawm hi uluk  taka an  chhutin a diklo niin an hria. Heng LTE version hmasa (3GPP Release 8) te hi 3G pangngai aia sang si 4G ni pha chiahlo an ni zawka, non-standard communications ah chuan 3.9G tiin an dah.

21 October 2010 khan ITU’s Radiocommunication Sector ITU-R  te chuan 4G mobile wireless broadband technology chungchangah khawvel hmun hrang hranga candidate 6 atangin uluk takin an zirchiang a.LTE pangngai ringawt hian 4G performance values (1 Gb/s data rate) a phalo tih a tarlang.  4G ni pha tura data rate atana technical requirements hrang hrang an tarlan te an zirchian hnuah LTE-Advanced” leh “Wireless MAN-Advanced) WiMAX 2) chin te chauh hi officialin 4G ah pawm a ni. 4G service tha leh chak tak nei turin mobile service provider leh operator te hian signal inhlawmkhawm chak tha tak pechhuak leh dawng thei tur antenna technology tha leh mobile network hmanraw tha tak an neih angai a.Heng te hi annihna ang taka hmang thei turin keini subscriber te hian  mobile handset leh accessory  tha tak hi kan neih atul bawk

Mobile generation thar a rawn chhuah apiang hian  a hma aia  chak tha zawka data rate sang zawk te, engemaw thil thar tha zawk apiangchhuak zel a. Mobile telecommunications standard  tha zawk  bakah   service providers ten  technical leh market lamah  thil tam zawk min pek chhuah theih phah thin.Heivang generation thar ber ber te  technology  in a hrinchhuah  a taka ngeia kan hmang thei tur hian keini mobile hmangtu te hian smart phone handset tha leh  software application kan update ve zel angai a. Heibakah  service providers hrang hrang te hian  hardware infrastructure Software thar ber ber an neih a tul. 4G  khawvela handset chhuak thar ber ber te nen kan awm tawh laia, duhthusama chak tha internet kan la neilo te hi chu mobile service providers leh local operator te mawhphurhna liau liau a nih avangin keini subscriber te hian  nasa leh zuala pressure na taka kan pek pawh a tul thin awm e.